UkuPhakanyiswa okuyimpumelelo koVavanyo lweBeam yeeToni eziSithandathu kuMfuniselo onzulu ongaphantsi komhlaba weNeutrino

Kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lolwakhiwo lwe-Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) e-Lead, eMzantsi Dakota, iinjineli ziqhube ngempumelelo uvavanyo lokuqala lokuphakamisa kunye nokuhliswa komqadi wentsimbi obuzitoni ezintandathu obumilise u-L. Eli candelo libaluleke kakhulu liyimfuneko kwiziseko ezingundoqo eziza kuxhasa enye yezona nzame zamabhongo zenzululwazi ezijolise ekuqondeni iimfihlelo ze-neutrinos, amasuntswana angabonakaliyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisisiseko zendalo iphela.

Iprojekthi ye-DUNE, ephuhliswa yintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe yoosonzululwazi neenjineli, ijolise ekuphononongeni iimpawu ze-neutrinos kunye nendima yazo kwindalo iphela. Uvavanyo luza kubandakanya ukuthumela umqa we-neutrinos osuka eFermilab e-Illinois ukuya kumtshini ophantsi komhlaba eMzantsi Dakota. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kufuna izinto ezinamandla kunye nezithembekileyo, kwaye ukuphakanyiswa kovavanyo oluyimpumelelo lwentsimbi yentsimbi kubonisa inyathelo elibalulekileyo kwixesha leprojekthi.

Intsimbi emile okwe-L, enobunzima beetoni ezintandathu, yinto ebalulekileyo yolwakhiwo oluya kunceda ukuxhasa ii-detectors ezinkulu ezisetyenziswe kuvavanyo. Ukunyuswa kovavanyo kuqhutywe kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokuphakamisa eziphambili kunye nobuchule, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko kunye nokuchaneka kubekwe phambili phambili kuyo yonke inkqubo. Iinjineli zabeka iliso kwilifti ngocoselelo, zihlalutya ukusebenza komqadi phantsi komthwalo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nazo zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko zokomelela nokuzinza.

Intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo kulwakhiwo lweziko le-DUNE ithathwa kubaboneleli abathembekileyo abaziwa ngeemveliso zabo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Omnye umthengisi onjalo yi-Tianjin Reliance Steel, umenzi ohamba phambili kunye nomthengisi weemveliso zetsimbi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ii-angles zensimbi, i-flat steel, i-H, iziteshi, kunye namanye amacandelo ensimbi. Ngokuzibophelela kumgangatho kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, iTianjin Reliance Steel iye yaziseka njengeqabane elithembekileyo kushishino lokwakha, ibonelela ngezinto ezihlangabezana neemfuno eziqatha zeeprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana neDUNE.

I-Tianjin Reliance Steel igxile ekuveliseni uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zetsimbi eziyimfuneko kwizicelo zokwakha nezobunjineli. Ii-angles zabo zentsimbi ziyaziwa ngokuhlala kwazo kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo, okwenza ukuba zilungele ukuxhaswa kwesakhiwo kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo. Iimveliso zentsimbi ye-Flat ezivela kwi-Tianjin Reliance Steel zisetyenziselwa ubuninzi bezicelo, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekwakheni, ngenxa yamandla abo kunye nokuthembeka. Iintsimbi ze-H kunye namashaneli zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zokwakha, ukubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kwimithwalo enzima kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezakhiwo.

Ukuphakanyiswa kovavanyo oluyimpumelelo lwentsimbi emile okwe-L ayibobungqina bezakhono zobunjineli ezibandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi ye-DUNE kodwa ikwaqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ekwakhiweni. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwezazinzulu, iinjineli, kunye nababoneleli abafana neTianjin Reliance Steel ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yeeprojekthi ezinkulu, apho ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoko iprojekthi ye-DUNE iqhubela phambili, iqela lokwakha liya kuqhubeka liqhuba iimvavanyo kunye nokunyuswa kwamacandelo entsimbi ahlukeneyo, liqinisekisa ukuba into nganye iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo ezibekwe ziinjineli zeprojekthi. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obuphezulu kunye nezixhobo kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo iyonke yovavanyo, olujolise ekuvuleni ulwazi olutsha malunga nokuziphatha kwe-neutrinos kunye nefuthe labo ekuqondeni kwethu indalo iphela.

Uvavanyo lwe-DUNE kulindeleke ukuba lube neziphumo ezifikelela kude kwinkalo yefiziksi yamasuntswana kwaye ibenakho ukuphendula eyona mibuzo icinezelayo malunga nobume bematha kunye namandla asisiseko alawula indalo iphela. Njengoko kuqhubeka ulwakhiwo, intsebenziswano phakathi kwezazinzulu, iinjineli, kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo iya kuba yimfuneko ekuziseni le projekthi isisiseko.

Ukuqukumbela, ukunyuswa kovavanyo oluyimpumelelo lwentsimbi yeetoni ezintandathu ezimile okwe-L yoMfuniselo onzulu weNeutrino eNgaphantsi komhlaba iphawula impumelelo ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwalo mzamo wobunzululwazi unebhongo. Ngenkxaso yezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezivela kubaboneleli abafana neTianjin Reliance Steel, iprojekthi isendleleni eya ekubeni yinyani. Njengoko iprojekthi yeDUNE iqhubela phambili, ithembisa ukufaka igalelo kulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwicandelo lefiziksi yamasuntswana kunye nokwenza nzulu ukuqonda kwethu imisebenzi esisiseko yendalo iphela. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo kule projekthi ibonisa ukubaluleka kwentsebenziswano kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ekujonganeni neminye imingeni enzima kakhulu kwisayensi kunye nobunjineli bale mihla.