① Ubungakanani begama kunye nobukhulu bokwenyani
A, Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo: bubungakanani obuqhelekileyo obulawulwa kumgangatho, kwaye bubukhulu obufanelekileyo obulindelwe ngumsebenzisi kunye nomvelisi, kwaye bubukhulu obucwangcisiweyo obubonakaliswe kwikhontrakthi.
B, Ubungakanani obububo: bubukhulu bokwenyani obufunyenwe ngexesha lemveliso, kwaye obu bukhulu buqhele ukuba bukhulu okanye buncinci kunobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Iziganeko zibizwa ngokuba kukutenxa.
②Ukutenxa kunye nokunyamezelana
A, Ukutenxa: ngexesha lemveliso, njengoko ubukhulu bokwenene kunzima ukufezekisa iimfuno zobukhulu obuqhelekileyo, okt. obona bungakanani buhlala buba bukhulu okanye buncinci kunobungakanani begama, umahluko ovumelekileyo phakathi kobukhulu bokwenyani kunye nobukhulu begama. Umahluko olungileyo ubizwa ngokuba kukutenxa kwi-positive, ngelixa umahluko ongalunganga ubizwa ngokuba kukutenxa.
B, Unyamezelo: isimbuku sexabiso elipheleleyo lokutenxa okulungileyo kunye nokutenxa okungalunganga okulawulwa kumgangatho ubizwa ngokuba yinyamezelo, ekwabizwa ngokuba "yindawo yokunyamezela".
③Ubude bokuhanjiswa
Ubude bokuhanjiswa bukwabizwa ngokuba ngubude obufunekayo bomsebenzisi okanye ubude bekhontrakthi. Ngokomgangatho, kukho imigaqo emininzi kubude bokuhanjiswa kumgangatho, njengokulandelayo:
A, Ubude obuqhelekileyo (obukwabizwa ngokuba yi-random length): ubude ngaphakathi kobude obulawulwa kumgangatho kwaye ngaphandle kweemfuno zobude obusisigxina bubizwa ngokuba ngubude obuqhelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ilawulwa kumgangatho we-tube yesakhiwo: ubude obuqhelekileyo be-hot rolled (extruded, eyandisiweyo) ityhubhu yensimbi yi-3000 mm -12000mm; ngelixa ubude obuqhelekileyo betyhubhu yensimbi ebandayo (eqengqiwe) yi-2000 mm-10500mm.
B, Sika ubude: ubude obusikiweyo buhlala buphakathi kobude obuqhelekileyo, kwaye bubukhulu obumiselweyo obufunekayo kwikhontrakthi. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukusika ubude obusikiweyo obupheleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha kumsebenzi wokwenene, ngoko ke ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo okufanelekileyo kobude bokusikwa kulawulwa kumgangatho.
Thatha ityhubhu yesakhiwo njengomzekelo:
Umyinge wemveliso ogqityiweyo wetyhubhu yokusika-ubude uphantsi kakhulu kunetyhubhu yobude obuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ixabiso lokunyuka kwesicelo elikhutshwe ngumenzi linengqiqo. Amaxabiso okunyusa amaxabiso eshishini ngalinye awahambelani; ngokubanzi, ixabiso linganyuswa nge-10% ngesiseko samaxabiso asisiseko.
C, Ubude obuphindwe kabini: ubude obuphindwe kabini kufuneka bube ngaphakathi kuluhlu lobude obuqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo, ubude obuphindwe kabini kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuqamba ubude obupheleleyo kufuneka buboniswe kwisivumelwano (umzekelo, 3000 mm × 3, oko kukuthi kathathu kwe-3000 mm. , kunye nobude obupheleleyo be-9000mm). Kumsebenzi ochanekileyo, ukutenxa okuvumelekileyo okuvumelekileyo kwe-20mm kufuneka kongezwe kubude obupheleleyo, kunye nokudibanisa nomda wokusika wobude obuphindwe kabini. Thatha ityhubhu yesakhiwo njengomzekelo, umda wokusika ofunekayo ngu-5 - 10mm kwityhubhu yensimbi enobubanzi ≤159mm; I-10-15mm yetyhubhu yentsimbi enobubanzi ＞159mm.
Ukuba akukho migaqo kumgangatho, ukutenxa kubude obuphindwe kabini kunye nomda wokusikwa kufuneka kuxoxwe ngabo bobabini umthengisi kunye nomthengi kwaye kuboniswe kwikhontrakthi. Okufanayo nobude obusikiweyo, ubude obuphindiweyo bunokunciphisa umlinganiselo wemveliso egqityiweyo yeshishini kakhulu, ngoko ke ukunyuswa kwexabiso kwesicelo esiveliswe ngumenzi kusengqiqweni, kwaye izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso ngokusisiseko liyafana nesantya sokunyuka kwexabiso lobude obunqunyiweyo.
D, Ubude boluhlu: ubude boluhlu buhlala ngaphakathi koluhlu lobude obuqhelekileyo; kwimeko apho umsebenzisi ufuna ubude kuluhlu olusisigxina, kufuneka luboniswe kwisivumelwano. Umzekelo: obude obuqhelekileyo yi-3,000-12000mm, ngelixa ubude obusikiweyo yi-6000-8000mm okanye 8000 ~ 10000mm.
Kungabonwa ukuba, iimfuno kuluhlu lobude zilula kunobude obusikiweyo kunye nobude obuphindwe kabini, kodwa bungqongqo kunobude obuqhelekileyo kakhulu, kwaye kunokunciphisa izinga lemveliso egqityiweyo yamashishini. Ke ngoko, isicelo sokunyuswa kwexabiso esikhutshwe ngumenzi sifanelekile; ngokubanzi, ixabiso linganyuswa malunga ne-4% ngokwesiseko samaxabiso asisiseko.
④Ubunzima bodonga olungalinganiyo
Ubunzima bodonga lwe-steel alunakwenzeka ukuba bufane, ubuninzi bodonga olungalinganiyo bunokuba khona kwi-cross-section kunye ne-longitudinal tube ngokufanelekileyo, oko kukuthi. ubukhulu obungalinganiyo. Ukulawula le nto engalinganiyo, izalathisi ezivumelekileyo ze-thicin engalinganiyo umgangatho we-tube yensimbi; ngokubanzi, ilawulwa ukuba ingadluli kwi-80% yonyamezelo lobunzima bodonga (okufuneka lube yi-imkness lulawulwa luzaliseke emva kothethathethwano phakathi konikezelo kunye nomthengi).
⑤I-ellipticity
I-diameter yangaphandle yecandelo lomnqamlezo wetyhubhu yentsimbi ejikelezayo isenokungalingani, oko kukuthi ubukhulu bedayamitha yangaphandle kwaye ubuncinci bedayamitha yangaphandle isenokungabi yi-perpendicular omnye komnye, umahluko phakathi kobukhulu bangaphandle bedayamitha kunye nedayamitha yangaphandle encinci yi-ellipticity (okanye idigri engeyiyo engqukuva). Ukuze ulawule i-ellipticity, ii-indexes ezivumelekileyo ze-ellipticity zilawulwa kwinqanaba elithile lentsimbi ye-tube; ngokubanzi, ilawulwa ukuba ingadluli kwi-80% yokunyamezela kwedayimitha yangaphandle (ekufuneka iphunyezwe emva kothethathethwano phakathi konikezelo kunye nomthengi).
⑥Igophe
Ityhubhu yentsimbi i-curvilinear ecaleni kwendlela yobude, kwaye idigri yokugoba eboniswe ngamanani ibizwa ngokuba yi-curvature. I-curvature elawulwa kumgangatho inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
A, Igophe lendawo: imitha eyi-1 ubude berula ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwechord (mm) kwindawo ephezulu yokugoba, okt. ixabiso legophe lendawo, iyunithi yayo mm/m, umzekelo: 2.5 mm / m. Indlela iphinda isetyenziswe kwi-curvature ye-tube end.
B, igophe lilonke lobude bubonke: qinisa intambo kumacala omabini ombhobho ukulinganisa ubude bechord (mm) yendawo yokugoba yetyhubhu yentsimbi, uze uyiguqule ibe yipesenti yobude (m), ukuba yigophe jikelele ecaleni kobude betyhubhu yentsimbi.
Umzekelo: ubude betyhubhu yentsimbi yi-8m, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-chord ephezulu kulinganiswa njenge-30mm, ngoko ke i-curvature yonke yetyhubhu kufuneka ibe:
0.03÷8m×100%=0.375%
⑦ Ubungakanani bugqithise
Ubungakanani obugqithileyo bunokubizwa ngokuba kukutenxa okuvumelekileyo kobungakanani obudlula umgangatho. Apha "ubungakanani" bubhekisela ikakhulu kububanzi bangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-tube yensimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu ubiza ubungakanani obudlulayo ngokuthi "ukunyamezela ukunyamezela", kodwa le ndlela yokulinganisa ukuphambuka ekunyamezelweni ayingqongqo, kwaye kufuneka kubizwe ngokuba "ukutenxa kudlula". Apha ukuphambuka kunokuba "okulungileyo" okanye "okubi", ukuphambuka "okulungileyo" kunye "negative" ukuphambuka kunzima ukudlula umgangatho ngaxeshanye kwibhetshi enye ye-tube yensimbi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-16-2018
