Mu iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zikora ibyuma, isosiyete ikomeye y’ibyuma yabonye amasezerano akomeye yo gukora no gutanga imiyoboro y’icyuma izunguruka, izwi kandi ku izina rya SSAW (Spiral Submerged Arc Welded), ku mushinga uzwi cyane hamwe Arabiya Sawudite. Aya masezerano ntabwo ashimangira gusa icyifuzo gikenewe ku bicuruzwa by’ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge mu rwego rw’ingufu ariko binagaragaza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gukora imiyoboro ikenewe kugira ngo hubahirizwe amahame akomeye ya imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ya peteroli ku isi.
Gusobanukirwa Imiyoboro ya Spiral-Weld
Imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma ukorwa no gusudira mu buryo buzengurutse umurongo w'icyuma mu buryo bwa tubular. Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro butanga inyungu nyinshi kurenza uburyo bwa tekinike yo gusudira. Uburyo bwo gusudira buzenguruka butuma hashyirwaho imiyoboro minini ya diameter, ikenerwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, cyane cyane mu nganda za peteroli na gaze.
Imiyoboro ya SSAW irangwa nimbaraga zayo nyinshi kandi ziramba, bigatuma ikwirakwizwa mu gutwara amazi na gaze munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa nko gutanga amazi, sisitemu yimyanda, kandi cyane cyane, murwego rwa peteroli na gaze mugutwara peteroli na gaze gasanzwe kure.
Umushinga wa Aramco
Arabiya Sawudite Aramco, isosiyete ikora peteroli ya leta ya Arabiya Sawudite, izwiho kubika peteroli nini n'ibikorwa remezo byinshi. Isosiyete ikomeje gushora imari mu mishinga yongerera ubushobozi umusaruro kandi ikanoza imikorere yayo. Umushinga uheruka, uzajya utangwa imiyoboro y'ibyuma izunguruka, biteganijwe ko izagira uruhare runini mu kwagura imiyoboro ya Aramco.
Ibisabwa ku miyoboro ya SSAW muri uyu mushinga biterwa no gukenera gutwara hydrocarbone yizewe kandi neza. Imiterere yihariye yimiyoboro isudira, harimo nubushobozi bwabo bwo guhangana numuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nibidukikije byangirika, bituma bahitamo neza kubikorwa nkibi. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, guhinduka mubikorwa byemerera kwihindura mubijyanye na diameter nubunini bwurukuta, bihuza nibisabwa byumushinga.
Ingaruka mu bukungu
Aya masezerano ntabwo ari intsinzi kubakora ibyuma gusa ahubwo afite ningaruka nini mubukungu. Biteganijwe ko amasezerano azahanga imirimo murwego rwinganda, ikagira uruhare mubukungu bwaho. Byongeye kandi, ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga rishobora gutuma habaho andi masezerano na Aramco n’andi masosiyete mu rwego rw’ingufu, bityo bikazamura inganda z’ibyuma muri rusange.
Inganda zibyuma zahuye ningorabahizi mumyaka yashize, harimo ihindagurika ryibiciro no guhatanira ibikoresho bivuye mubindi bikoresho. Nyamara, kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ingufu, bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo kuzamuka. Umushinga wa Aramco ni gihamya yo kwihangana kwinganda zibyuma nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza n’imihindagurikire y’isoko.
Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gukora imiyoboro
Umusaruro wibyuma bisudira-byuma byabonye iterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumyaka yashize. Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora bwazamuye imikorere nubuziranenge bwimiyoboro ya SSAW, itanga ibihe byihuse kandi bigabanya ibiciro. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusudira, nko gusudira arc gusudira, byemeza ingingo zikomeye kandi zizewe, zingirakamaro mubusugire bwimiyoboro.
Byongeye kandi, guhanga udushya mubumenyi bwibintu byatumye habaho iterambere ryicyuma gikomeye cyane cyongera imikorere yimiyoboro isudira. Iterambere ntabwo riteza imbere gusa imiyoboro ahubwo binagira uruhare mumutekano rusange wibikorwa byumuyoboro.
Ibidukikije
Mugihe isi igenda igana mubikorwa birambye, inganda zibyuma nazo ziratera intambwe mukugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Umusaruro wibyuma byogosha ibyuma birashobora gutezimbere kugirango ugabanye imyanda ningufu zikoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha ibikoresho-bikomeye cyane bituma urukuta ruto, rugabanya urugero rwibyuma bisabwa kugirango bikorwe, bikagabanya ikirere cyibidukikije.
Byongeye kandi, gutwara peteroli na gaze binyuze mu miyoboro muri rusange bifatwa nkaho bitangiza ibidukikije ugereranije n’ubundi buryo, nko gutwara amakamyo cyangwa gutwara gari ya moshi. Mugushora imari mubikorwa remezo bikora neza, ibigo nka Aramco ntabwo byongera imikorere yabyo gusa ahubwo binatanga umusanzu wigihe kizaza cyingufu.
Umwanzuro
Amasezerano aheruka yo gukora no gutanga imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira mu mushinga wa Aramco irerekana intambwe ikomeye mu nganda zibyuma. Irerekana ibyifuzo bikenerwa n’ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mu rwego rw’ingufu kandi bishimangira akamaro ko gutera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga mu gukora imiyoboro. Mu gihe isi ikomeje gushingira kuri peteroli na gaze, uruhare rw’amasosiyete nka Aramco n’abatanga isoko ruzagira uruhare runini mu gutwara neza umutekano kandi neza.
Aya masezerano ntabwo asezeranya inyungu zubukungu gusa ahubwo anagaragaza ubushake bwinganda mu guhanga udushya no kuramba. Mugihe inganda zibyuma zikemura ibibazo byisi ya none, ubufatanye nkubu buzaba ingenzi mukuzamura iterambere no guharanira ejo hazaza harambye ubwikorezi bwingufu. Gushyira mu bikorwa neza umushinga wa Aramco bishobora gutanga inzira yo kurushaho gukorana, bishimangira akamaro k’ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mu rwego rw’ingufu ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-24-2024