Pekin yiteguye gukoresha ubutware bwayo ku isi idasanzwe kugira ngo isubire inyuma mu ntambara ikaze y’ubucuruzi na Washington.
Kuri uyu wa gatatu, ibinyamakuru byinshi byo mu Bushinwa byatangaje amakuru, harimo n’ikinyamakuru cyandikirwa mu kinyamakuru cyamamaye cy’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, cyazamuye icyizere cyo kuba Beijing igabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bifite akamaro kanini mu bijyanye n’ingabo, ingufu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’imodoka.
Umusaruro ukomeye ku isi, Ubushinwa butanga hafi 80% y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika ku isi bidasanzwe, bikoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi birimo telefoni zigendanwa, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi na turbine. Hafi yubutaka budasanzwe bwacukuwe hanze yUbushinwa buracyarangirira aho gutunganyirizwa - ndetse ikirombe cyonyine cyo muri Amerika kuri Mountain Pass muri Californiya cyohereza igihugu cyacyo ibikoresho.
Raporo yo mu mwaka wa 2016 yaturutse mu biro bishinzwe ibaruramari rya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ivuga ko Minisiteri y’Ingabo ifite hafi 1% y’Amerika yose ikoresha isi idasanzwe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, “isi idasanzwe ni ngombwa mu gukora, gukomeza, no gukoresha ibikoresho bya gisirikare byo muri Amerika. Kugera ku bikoresho nkenerwa, hatitawe ku rwego rusange rw'ingabo zisabwa, ni icyifuzo cya DOD ”, nk'uko GAO yabitangaje muri raporo.
Ubutaka budasanzwe bumaze kugaragara mubibazo byubucuruzi. Igihugu cya Aziya cyazamuye amahoro kugera kuri 25% kiva kuri 10% ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva muri Amerika yonyine, mu gihe Amerika yakuyeho ibintu ku rutonde rwayo bwite rw’amahoro ashobora gutangwa ku bicuruzwa bigera kuri miliyari 300 by’amadolari y’ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bigomba kwibasirwa n’ingamba zizakurikiraho.
Dudley Kingsnorth, umujyanama mu by'inganda akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Perth, yagize ati: "Ubushinwa n'isi idasanzwe ni nk'Ubufaransa na divayi - Ubufaransa buzakugurisha icupa rya divayi, ariko ntibishaka rwose kukugurisha inzabibu." Amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Ositaraliya.
Izi ngamba zigamije gushishikariza abakoresha amaherezo nka Apple Inc, General Motors Co na Toyota Motor Corp. kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora mu Bushinwa. Bisobanura kandi ko iterabwoba rya Beijing ryo gukoresha ubutware bw’ubutaka budasanzwe rishobora guhungabanya bikomeye inganda z’Amerika, bitewe n’abakora inzara y’ibicuruzwa bikunze kugaragara mu bintu birimo imodoka n’ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho. Numunwa ushobora gufata imyaka kugirango ucike.
George Bauk, umuyobozi mukuru wa Northern Minerals Ltd, ikora ubutaka budasanzwe bwa karubone, ibicuruzwa byabanje, biva mu ruganda rw’icyitegererezo mu Burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya, yagize ati: "Iterambere ry’ibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi ntabwo ari ikintu gishobora kubaho mu ijoro rimwe." Ati: “Hazatinda igihe cyo guteza imbere imishinga iyo ari yo yose.”
Raporo y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’Abanyamerika muri Amerika ivuga ko buri ndege yo muri Amerika F-35 Umurabyo wa II - ifatwa nk'imwe mu ndege zirwanira ku isi zifite ubuhanga buhanitse, ziyobowe kandi ziba - zisaba ibiro 920 by'ibikoresho bidasanzwe ku isi. Nibikoresho bya Pentagon bihenze cyane nintambara ya mbere yagenewe gukorera amashami atatu yingabo zAmerika.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwa Kongere ivuga ko isi idasanzwe irimo yttrium na terbium ikoreshwa mu kurasa laser hamwe n’intwaro mu modoka za Future Combat Systems. Ibindi bikoreshwa ni ibinyabiziga byo kurwana bya Stryker, drone za Predator na misile za Tomahawk.
Iterabwoba ryo gukoresha intwaro z’ibikorwa byongera ubushyamirane hagati y’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bibiri ku isi mbere y’inama iteganijwe hagati ya Perezida Xi Jinping na Donald Trump mu nama ya G-20 ukwezi gutaha. Irerekana uburyo Ubushinwa bupima amahitamo yabwo nyuma y’uko Amerika yashyize ku rutonde Huawei Technologies Co., igahagarika itangwa ry’ibigize Abanyamerika ikeneye gukora telefone zigendanwa n’ibikoresho byo mu muyoboro.
Bauk yagize ati: "Ubushinwa, nk'umusaruro wiganje mu butaka budasanzwe, bwerekanye mu bihe byashize ko bushobora gukoresha ubutaka budasanzwe nka chip yo guhahirana mu bijyanye n'imishyikirano myinshi."
Akarorero kerekana ni bwo bwa nyuma Beijing yakoresheje isi idasanzwe nk'intwaro ya politike. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yahagaritse ibyoherezwa mu Buyapani nyuma y’amakimbirane yo mu nyanja, kandi mu gihe izamuka ry’ibiciro ryabonye ibikorwa byinshi byo gushaka ibikoresho ahandi - ndetse n’urubanza rwazanywe n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi - nyuma yimyaka icumi igihugu kiracyari ku isi abatanga isoko.
Ntakintu nkimodoka yagurishijwe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika cyangwa ikozwe muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika zidafite moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho-yisi ahantu hose mu iteraniro ryayo.
Ikinyamakuru Daily People cyatangaje ko ku wa gatatu cyanditse ko Amerika idakwiye gupfobya ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa mu kurwanya intambara y’ubucuruzi.
Ibisobanuro by'iki kinyamakuru birimo interuro idasanzwe y'Ubushinwa isobanura ngo “ntukavuge ko ntakuburiye.” Ikinyamakuru Global Times, ikinyamakuru gishamikiye ku ishyaka rya gikomunisiti, mu kiganiro cyagize kiti: muri Mata. Yakoreshejwe kandi mbere yuko amakimbirane hagati y'Ubushinwa na Vietnam muri 1979.
Ku isi idasanzwe, Ikinyamakuru Daily Daily cyatangaje ko bitoroshye gusubiza ikibazo niba Ubushinwa buzakoresha ibyo bintu mu rwego rwo kwihorera mu ntambara y’ubucuruzi. Ubwanditsi muri Global Times na Shanghai Securities News bwafashe ibisobanuro bisa mubitabo byabo byo kuwa gatatu.
Ubushinwa bushobora guteza akaga gakomeye mu kunyunyuza ibikoresho bya magneti na moteri zikoresha ibyo bintu, nk'uko byatangajwe na Jack Lifton, washinze ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga Metals Research LLC, wagize uruhare mu isi idasanzwe kuva mu 1962. Ingaruka ku nganda z’Abanyamerika zishobora “kuba mbi, ”.
Kurugero, imbonekarimwe-isi ihoraho ikoreshwa muri moteri ntoya cyangwa moteri muri byinshi, ubu hose, tekinoroji. Mu modoka, bemerera guhanagura ibirahuri, idirishya ryamashanyarazi hamwe nuyobora amashanyarazi gukora. Ubushinwa bufite 95% by'umusaruro w'isi nk'uko bitangazwa na Industrial Minerals Co.
Lifton yagize ati: "Nta kintu na kimwe nk'imodoka igurishwa muri Amerika cyangwa ikorerwa muri Amerika idafite moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho idasanzwe ahantu hamwe mu iteraniro ryayo." Yakomeje agira ati: "Byaba ari ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zikoresha ibikoresho by’inganda ndetse n’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Ibyo bivuze imashini zo kumesa, isuku ya vacuum, imodoka. Urutonde ntirugira iherezo. ”
Ikusanyirizo ryibintu 17, birimo neodymium, ikoreshwa muri magnesi, na ytrrium kuri electronics, mubyukuri ni byinshi cyane mubutaka bwisi, ariko kwibumbira mu bucukuzi ntibisanzwe cyane kuruta andi mabuye y'agaciro. Ku bijyanye no gutunganya, ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa bumaze gukuba inshuro ebyiri isi ikenewe ku isi, Kingsnorth yavuze ko bigoye cyane ko amasosiyete y’amahanga yinjira no guhatanira amasoko.
Isoko ridasanzwe ry’Ubushinwa ryiganjemo abaproducer bake barimo Ubushinwa Amajyaruguru Rare Earth Group, Minmetals Rare Earth Co, Xiamen Tungsten Co na Chinalco Rare Earth & Metals Co.
Ikibazo cy’Ubushinwa kirakomeye cyane ku buryo Amerika yifatanije n’ibindi bihugu mu ntangiriro ziyi myaka icumi mu rubanza rw’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi guhatira iki gihugu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu gihe ibura ry’isi yose. WTO yemeje ko Amerika ishyigikira, mu gihe ibiciro byaje kugabanuka uko ababikora bahindukiriye ubundi buryo.
Mu Kuboza 2017, Trump yashyize umukono ku itegeko nyobozi ryo kugabanya igihugu gishingiye ku masoko y’amabuye y'agaciro akomeye, harimo n'ubutaka budasanzwe, bwari bugamije kugabanya intege nke z’Amerika mu gutanga ibibazo. Ariko inararibonye mu nganda Lifton yavuze ko iki cyemezo kitazagabanya intege nke z’igihugu vuba aha.
Ati: “Nubwo guverinoma y'Amerika yavuze ko bagiye gutera inkunga urwego rutanga, bizatwara imyaka”. Ati: “Ntushobora kuvuga gusa ngo: 'Ngiye kubaka ikirombe, ngiye gukora uruganda rutandukanya, hamwe na rukuruzi cyangwa ibyuma.' Ugomba kubishushanya, kububaka, kubigerageza, kandi ibyo ntibibaho mu minota itanu. ”
Cerium: Yifashishijwe mu guha ibara ry'umuhondo ikirahure, nka catalizator, nk'ifu ya polishinge no gukora flint.
Praseodymium: Lazeri, amatara ya arc, magnesi, ibyuma bya flint, kandi nkibara ryikirahure, mubyuma bikomeye cyane biboneka muri moteri yindege no muri flint kugirango bitangire umuriro.
Neodymium: Amwe mumashanyarazi akomeye ahoraho arahari; ikoreshwa mugutanga ibara rya violet mubirahuri na ceramika, muri laseri, capacator na disiki ya moteri yamashanyarazi.
Promethium: Ikintu gisanzwe cya radioaktike idasanzwe-isi. Ikoreshwa mu irangi ryaka na bateri za kirimbuzi.
Europium: Ikoreshwa mugutegura fosifore itukura nubururu (ibimenyetso ku inoti ya euro birinda impimbano,) muri laseri, muri fluorescent.
Terbium: Ikoreshwa muri fosifori yicyatsi, magnesi, lazeri, amatara ya fluorescent, magnetostrictive alloys na sisitemu ya sonar.
Ytrrium: Ikoreshwa muri laseri ya yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), nka fosifori itukura, mumashanyarazi, mumiyoboro ya fluorescent, muri LED no kuvura kanseri.
Dysprosium: Imashini zidasanzwe z'isi; laseri n'amatara yubucuruzi; disiki ya mudasobwa ikomeye nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki; reaction za kirimbuzi n'ibinyabiziga bigezweho, bikoresha ingufu
Holmium: Koresha muri laseri, magnesi, hamwe na kalibrasi ya spekitifotometero irashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo kugenzura ingufu za kirimbuzi nibikoresho bya microwave
Erbium: Ibyuma bya Vanadium, laseri ya infragre na fibre optique, harimo bimwe bikoreshwa mubuvuzi.
Thulium: Imwe mu isi idasanzwe. Ikoreshwa muri laseri, amatara yicyuma cya halide hamwe nimashini ya X-ray.
Ytterbium: Porogaramu zita ku buzima, harimo no kuvura kanseri; ibyuma bidafite ingese no gukurikirana ingaruka zumutingito, guturika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-03-2019
