Ke mākaukau nei ʻo Beijing e hoʻohana i kona noho aupuni ʻana i nā ʻāina laha ʻole e hoʻihoʻi i kāna kaua kālepa hohonu me Wakinekona.
ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu o nā nūpepa Kina i ka Pōʻakolu, me kahi mea hoʻoponopono i ka nūpepa hae o ka Communist Party, ua hāpai i ka manaʻolana o ka ʻoki ʻana o Beijing i nā mea kūʻai aku i koʻikoʻi i ka pale, ka ikehu, ka uila a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa.
ʻO ka mea hana nui loa o ka honua, ʻo Kina e hāʻawi ana ma kahi o 80% o nā mea lawe mai ʻAmelika i nā ʻāina laha ʻole, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui o nā noi e like me nā smartphones, nā kaʻa uila a me nā turbine makani. A ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi i ʻeli ʻia ma waho o Kina e hoʻopau ʻia i laila no ka hana ʻana - ʻoiai ʻo ka US mine ma Mountain Pass ma Kaleponi e hoʻouna i kāna mau mea i ka lāhui.
ʻO ka 'Oihana Defence e pili ana i ka 1% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o US i nā honua laha, e like me ka hōʻike 2016 mai ka US Government Accountability Office. Eia nō naʻe, "he mea nui nā honua laʻa i ka hana ʻana, hoʻomau, a me ka hana ʻana o nā lako kaua US. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi i nā mea pono, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pae holoʻokoʻa o ka noi pale, he koi moe no DOD, "wahi a ka GAO i ka hōʻike.
Ua hōʻike mua ʻia nā ʻāina laha i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa kalepa. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka ʻāina ʻAsia i nā kumukūʻai i 25% mai 10% ma nā mea hoʻopuka mai ka mea hana hoʻokahi o ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ʻo ka US i hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea mai kāna papa inoa ponoʻī o nā kumukūʻai kūpono ma kahi o $300 biliona waiwai o nā waiwai Kina e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kāna nalu o nā ana.
"ʻO Kina a me nā ʻāina laha ʻole e like me Farani a me ka waina - e kūʻai aku ʻo Farani iā ʻoe i ka hue waina, akā ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e kūʻai aku iā ʻoe i nā hua waina," wahi a Dudley Kingsnorth, he kākāʻōlelo ʻoihana a me ka luna hoʻokele o Perth. Industrial Minerals Co. o Australia.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hoʻolālā e paipai i nā mea hoʻohana hope e like me Apple Inc., General Motors Co. a me Toyota Motor Corp. e hoʻohui i ka mana hana ma Kina. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o Beijing e hoʻohana i kona noho aliʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina laha ʻole e hoʻoweliweli i ka pilikia nui i ka ʻoihana US, e nā mea hana pōloli o nā mea maʻamau i nā mea i loaʻa nā kaʻa a me nā mea holoi ipu. He ʻumi ʻumi paha ia e wāwahi ai.
"ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lako honua ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia he mea hiki ke hana i ka pō," wahi a George Bauk, ka luna hoʻokele nui o Northern Minerals Ltd., ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i ka carbonate earths carbonate, kahi huahana mua, mai kahi mea kanu hoʻokele ma Western Australia. "E loaʻa ana kahi manawa lōʻihi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā papahana hou."
ʻO kēlā me kēia mokulele US F-35 Lightning II - i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mokulele ʻoi loa o ka honua, hiki ke hoʻololi a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia - pono ma kahi o 920 paona o nā mea ʻike honua, e like me ka hōʻike 2013 mai ka US Congressional Research Service. ʻO ia ka ʻōnaehana mea kaua makamae loa a ka Pentagon a ʻo ka mea kaua mua i hoʻolālā ʻia e lawelawe i ʻekolu mau lālā o ka pūʻali koa US.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa me ka yttrium a me ka terbium no ka huli ʻana i ka laser a me nā mea kaua i nā kaʻa ʻo Future Combat Systems, e like me ka hōʻike ʻo Congressional Research Service. ʻO nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe no nā kaʻa kaua kaua Stryker, nā drones Predator a me nā missiles holo moku Tomahawk.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e hoʻopiʻi i ka haunaele ma waena o nā ʻoihana waiwai ʻelua o ka honua ma mua o kahi hālāwai i manaʻo ʻia ma waena o nā Pelekikena Xi Jinping a me Donald Trump ma ka hālāwai G-20 i ka mahina aʻe. Hōʻike ia i ke kaupaona ʻana o Kina i kāna mau koho ma hope o ka US blacklisted Huawei Technologies Co., e ʻoki ana i ka lako o nā ʻāpana ʻAmelika e pono ai e hana i kāna mau kelepona a me nā lako pūnaewele.
"Ua hōʻike ʻo Kina, ʻo ia ka mea hana nui o nā ʻāina laha ʻole, i ka wā ma mua e hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he puʻupuʻu kūʻai i ka wā e pili ana i nā kūkākūkā multilateral," wahi a Bauk.
ʻO kahi hihia ʻo ia ka manawa hope loa i hoʻohana ai ʻo Beijing i nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he mea kaua politika. I ka makahiki 2010, ua ālai ia i ka lawe ʻana aku i Iapana ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa moana, a ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena o ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai i ʻike i ka nui o ka hana e hoʻopaʻa i nā lako ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe - a me kahi hihia i lawe ʻia i ka World Trade Organization - kokoke i hoʻokahi ʻumi mau makahiki ma hope o ka lāhui ka honua. mea hoʻolako mana.
ʻAʻohe mea e like me ke kaʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma US a i hana ʻia ma US ʻaʻole loaʻa nā kaʻa kaʻa mau loa ma kahi o kāna hui.
ʻAʻole pono ka US e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hiki ʻana o Kina e hakakā i ke kaua kalepa, ua ʻōlelo ka People's Daily ma kahi hoʻoponopono i ka Pōʻakolu i hoʻohana i kekahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi o ka mōʻaukala i ke kaumaha o ka manaʻo o Kina.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōlelo a ka nūpepa i kahi huaʻōlelo Kina i ʻōlelo ʻia "mai ʻōlelo ʻaʻole wau i ao aku iā ʻoe." Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo kikoʻī e ka pepa ma 1962 ma mua o ka hele ʻana o Kina i ke kaua me India, a "ʻo ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i ka ʻōlelo diplomatic Kina e ʻike i ke kaumaha o kēia ʻōlelo," ʻo ka Global Times, kahi nūpepa pili me ka Communist Party, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi ʻatikala. i ʻApelila. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hakakā ma waena o Kina a me Vietnam i ka makahiki 1979.
Ma nā honua ʻokoʻa, ua ʻōlelo ka People's Daily ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke pane i ka nīnau inā e hoʻohana ʻo Kina i nā mea e like me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ke kaua kālepa. Ua lawe like nā mea hoʻoponopono i ka Global Times a me Shanghai Securities News i kā lākou paʻi Pōʻakolu.
Hiki iā Kina ke hoʻopau i ka pōʻino nui ma ke kaomi ʻana i nā lako o nā mea magnet a me nā kaʻa e hoʻohana ana i nā mea, wahi a Jack Lifton, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka Technology Metals Research LLC, ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻāina laha ʻole mai ka makahiki 1962. ʻO ka hopena ma ka ʻoihana ʻAmelika hiki ke "hoʻopilikia, "wahi āna.
No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā magnet mau loa o ka honua i nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mea hana hana i nā ʻenehana he nui i kēia manawa. Ma ke kaʻa, ʻae lākou i nā wipers windshield, nā puka makani uila a me ka hoʻokele mana e hana. A ʻo Kina ka nui o ka 95% o ka huahana honua, e like me ka Industrial Minerals Co.
"ʻAʻohe mea e like me ke kaʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma US a i hana ʻia ma US ʻaʻole loaʻa nā kaʻa kaʻa mau loa ma kahi o kāna hui," wahi a Lifton. "He mea nui loa ia i ka ʻoihana mea kūʻai aku a me ka ʻoihana automotive. ʻO ia hoʻi nā mīkini holoi, nā mīkini hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā kaʻa. He pau ʻole ka papa inoa.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o 17 mau mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ka neodymium, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā magnets, a me ka ytrrium no nā mea uila, he mea nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mineable concentrations ma mua o nā ores ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoili ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka mana o Kina e pili ana i ka ʻelua o ka noi honua, i ʻōlelo ʻo Kingsnorth, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hui ʻē aʻe e komo a hoʻokūkū i ke kaulahao lako.
ʻO ka mākeke honua laha ʻole o Kina ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana e like me China Northern Rare Earth Group, Minmetals Rare Earth Co., Xiamen Tungsten Co. a me Chinalco Rare Earth & Metals Co.
Ua ikaika loa ka paʻa ʻana o Kina i hui pū ai ʻo ʻAmelika me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēia mau makahiki i loko o kahi hihia World Trade Organization e koi ai i ka lāhui e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā mea hou aʻe ma waena o ka hemahema o ka honua. Ua hoʻoholo ka WTO i ka makemake o ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ua hāʻule nā kumukūʻai i ka wā i huli ai nā mea hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I Kekemapa 2017, ua kau inoa ʻo Trump i kahi kauoha hoʻokō e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā kumu o waho o nā mineral koʻikoʻi, e komo pū ana me nā ʻāina laha, i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻemi i ka nāwaliwali o ʻAmelika e hoʻolako i nā pilikia. Akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lifton ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻaʻole e hōʻemi ka neʻe ʻana i ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻāina i kekahi manawa koke.
"Inā ʻōlelo ke aupuni US e hāʻawi kālā lākou i ke kaulahao lako, he mau makahiki ia," wahi āna. "ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo wale aku, 'E kūkulu wau i kahi lua, e hana wau i kahi mea kanu hoʻokaʻawale, a me kahi mea magnet a metala paha.' Pono ʻoe e hoʻolālā iā lākou, kūkulu iā lākou, e hoʻāʻo iā lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ia i loko o ʻelima mau minuke.
Cerium: Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele i ke aniani, ma ke ʻano he catalyst, ma ke ʻano he pauka polū a e hana i nā pōhaku.
Praseodymium: Lasers, arc lighting, magnets, flint steel, and as a glass colorant, i loko o nā metala ikaika loa i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻenekini mokulele a me ka pōhaku no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ahi.
Neodymium: ʻO kekahi o nā mea magnet ikaika loa i loaʻa; hoʻohana ʻia e hāʻawi i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula i ke aniani a me nā seramika, i nā lasers, nā capacitors a me nā disc kaʻa uila.
Promethium: ʻO ia wale nō ka mea radioactive rare-earth element. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka pena ʻālohilohi a me nā pākahi nuklea.
Europium: Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā phosphors ʻulaʻula a me ka polū (nā hōʻailona ma nā memo euro e pale ai i ka hoʻopunipuni,) i nā lasers, i ka fluorescent.
Terbium: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā phosphors ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā mea magnet, nā lasers, nā kukui fluorescent, nā alloys magnetostrictive a me nā ʻōnaehana sonar.
Ytrrium: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā lasers yttrium aluminika garnet (YAG), ma ke ʻano he phosphor ʻulaʻula, i nā superconductors, i nā paipu fluorescent, i nā LED a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa.
Dysprosium: Mākēneki honua laha ʻole; nā lasers a me nā kukui pāʻoihana; nā diski kamepiula paʻakikī a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe; nukelea reactors a me ka hou, ikehu-efficient kaʻa
Holmium: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā lasers, magnets, a me ka calibration o spectrophotometers i nā koʻokoʻo nuklea a me nā lako microwave.
Erbium: Ke kila Vanadium, nā laser infrared a me nā laser fiberoptics, me kekahi mau mea i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau.
Thulium: ʻO kekahi o nā honua laʻaʻole loa. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā lasers, nā kukui halide metala a me nā mīkini X-ray portable.
Ytterbium: Nā noi mālama ola, me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi maʻi; kila kila a no ka nānā 'ana i nā hopena o ke olai, pahū.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-03-2019
