① Girman ƙima da girman gaske
A, Nominal size: shi ne maras muhimmanci size kayyade a cikin misali, kuma shi ne manufa size sa ran da mai amfani da manufacturer, kuma shi ne kuma oda size nuna a cikin kwangila.
B, Ainihin size: shi ne ainihin girman samu a lokacin samar, kuma wannan size ne yawanci ya fi girma ko karami fiye da maras muhimmanci size. Ana kiran abubuwan mamaki da karkacewa.
② Juriya da juriya
A, Deviation: a lokacin samarwa, kamar yadda ainihin girman da wuya a cimma bukatun na maras muhimmanci size, watau. ainihin girman sau da yawa yakan fi girma ko ƙarami fiye da girman ƙima, bambancin da aka yarda tsakanin ainihin girman da girman ƙima. Bambanci mai kyau ana kiransa karkacewa mai kyau, yayin da bambancin ra'ayi shine ake kira mummunan karkata.
B、Haƙuri: jimlar cikakkar dabi'u na tabbataccen karkacewa da kuma mummunan karkatar da aka tsara a cikin ma'auni ana kiransa haƙuri, wanda kuma ake kira "yankin haƙuri".
③ Tsawon isarwa
Ana kuma kiran tsayin isarwa tsayin da ake buƙata mai amfani ko tsawon kwangila. A cikin ma'auni, akwai ƙa'idodi da yawa akan tsayin isarwa a cikin ma'auni, kamar haka:
A, Common tsawon (wanda kuma ake kira bazuwar tsawo): da tsawon a cikin tsawon kewayon kayyade a misali kuma ba tare da tsayayyen tsawon bukatun ake kira na kowa tsawon. Alal misali, an kayyade shi a cikin ma'auni na tsarin bututu cewa: tsawon na kowa na zafi birgima (extruded, fadada) bututun karfe shine 3000 mm -12000mm; yayin da na kowa tsawon sanyi-jawo (birgima) karfe tube ne 2000 mm-10500mm.
B, Yanke tsawon: yanke tsawon shine sau da yawa a cikin kewayon tsayi na gama gari, kuma shine ƙayyadadden tsayin tsayin da ake buƙata a kwangilar. Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a yanke cikakken yanke tsawon ko da yaushe a cikin ainihin aiki, don haka halatta tabbatacce sabawa na yanke tsawon ana kayyade a cikin misali.
Dauki structural tube a matsayin misali:
Ƙirar samfurin da aka gama na bututun da aka yanke-zuwa-tsawon ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da bututu mai tsayi na gama gari, don haka ƙara ƙimar buƙatun da masana'anta ya fitar ya dace. Farashin karuwar farashin kowane kamfani ba daidai bane; gabaɗaya, ana iya ƙara farashin da kashi 10 bisa ɗari na asali.
C, Biyu tsawon: ninki biyu tsawon ya zama a cikin kewayon na kowa tsawon yawanci, mutum biyu tsawon da mahara don shirya jimlar tsawon ya kamata a nuna a cikin kwangila (misali, 3000 mm × 3, shi ne sau uku na 3000 mm. , tare da jimlar tsawon 9000mm). A cikin ainihin aiki, ya kamata a ƙara tabbataccen ƙetare 20mm zuwa jimlar tsayin, kazalika da gefen yankan kowane tsayin ninki biyu. Ɗauki bututun tsari a matsayin misali, iyakar yankan da ake buƙata shine 5 - 10mm don bututun ƙarfe tare da diamita ≤159mm; 10-15mm ga karfe tube tare da diamita · 159mm.
Idan babu ƙa'idodi a cikin ma'auni, bambancin tsayin ninki biyu da yanki ya kamata a yi shawarwari ta duka mai siyarwa da mai siye kuma a nuna su a cikin kwangilar. Daidai da tsayin daka, tsayin ninki biyu na iya rage ƙimar samfurin da aka gama na masana'anta sosai, don haka ƙimar haɓakar buƙatun da masana'anta suka gabatar yana da ma'ana, kuma ƙimar haɓakar ƙimar daidai take da ƙimar ƙimar yanke tsayi.
D、 Tsawon tsayi: tsayin kewayon yawanci yana cikin kewayon tsayi gama gari; a cikin yanayin cewa mai amfani yana buƙatar tsayi a cikin tsayayyen tsayin tsayi, ya kamata a nuna shi a cikin kwangilar. Misali: na gama gari shine 3,000-12000mm, yayin da na yanke tsayin shine 6000-8000mm ko 8000 ~ 10000mm.
Ana iya ganin cewa, buƙatun akan tsayin kewayon ya fi sauƙi fiye da yanke tsayi da tsayi biyu, amma ya fi tsayi fiye da tsayin gama gari da yawa, kuma yana iya rage ƙimar ƙimar samfuran da aka gama. Don haka, buƙatar karuwar farashin da masana'anta suka fitar yana da ma'ana; gabaɗaya, ana iya ƙara farashin da kusan 4% akan farashin asali.
④ Kaurin bango mara daidaituwa
Karfe bututu bango kauri ba shi yiwuwa ya zama iri ɗaya, m bango kauri na iya zama a kan giciye-sashe da kuma a tsaye bututu da gangan, watau. m kauri. Don sarrafa wannan m sabon abu, da halatta fihirisa na m Thicin karfe bututu misali; Gabaɗaya, an kayyade shi kada ya wuce 80% na jurewar kauri na bango (wanda ya kamata imkness ana daidaita su bayan yin shawarwari tsakanin samarwa da mai siye).
⑤ Ƙwanci
Matsakaicin diamita na waje na ɓangaren giciye na bututun ƙarfe na zagaye na iya zama m, wato matsakaicin matsakaicin diamita na waje kuma mafi ƙarancin diamita na waje na iya zama ba daidai ba da juna, bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin matsakaicin diamita na waje da ƙaramin diamita na waje shine ellipticity (ko digiri ba zagaye ba). Domin sarrafa elpticity, da izinin fihirisa na ellipticity ana kayyade a wasu karfe bututu misali; Gabaɗaya, an tsara shi don kada ya wuce 80% na haƙuri na diamita na waje (wanda ya kamata a aiwatar da shi bayan tattaunawa tsakanin samarwa da mai siye).
⑥ Curvature
The karfe tube ne curvilinear tare da tsawon shugabanci, da kuma lankwasawa mataki nuni da Figures ake kira curvature. Curvature da aka tsara a cikin ma'auni za a iya raba shi zuwa kashi biyu kamar haka:
A, Curvature na gida: 1-mita tsayin mai mulki za a iya amfani da shi don auna tsayin igiya (mm) a matsakaicin wurin lanƙwasawa, watau. Ƙimar curvature na gida, naúrar sa mm/m, misali: 2.5 mm/m. Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar zuwa curvature na ƙarshen bututu.
B, Overall curvature na jimlar tsawon: ƙara ƙara igiya a gefe biyu na bututu don auna matsakaicin tsayin igiya (mm) na wurin lanƙwasawa na bututun ƙarfe, sa'an nan kuma maida shi cikin adadin tsawon (m), cewa shi ne gaba ɗaya curvature tare da tsawon shugabanci na karfe tube.
Misali: Tsawon bututun karfe yana da 8m, kuma ana auna matsakaicin tsayin igiya kamar 30mm, don haka gabaɗayan curvature na bututu yakamata ya zama:
0.03÷8m×100%=0.375%
⑦ Girman girma
Girman girman kuma ana iya kiransa azaman iyawar juzu'i na girman da ya wuce misali. Anan “girman” galibi yana nufin diamita na waje da kaurin bango na bututun ƙarfe. Yawancin lokaci, wani yana kiran girman ya wuce kamar yadda "haƙuri ya wuce", amma wannan hanyar daidaitawa zuwa haƙuri ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma ya kamata a kira shi da "bangare ya wuce". Anan karkacewar na iya zama “tabbatacce” ko “mara kyau”, karkacewar “tabbatacce” da “mara kyau” da kyar ta wuce ma'auni lokaci guda a cikin bututun ƙarfe ɗaya.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-16-2018
